The functions and applications of A7R in anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging and drug delivery systems.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are two prominent antiangiogenic targets. They are highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Therefore, targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 may be a potential antiangiogenic and antitumor strategy. A7R, a peptide with sequence of Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg that was found by phage display of peptide libraries, can preferentially target VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and destroy the binding between vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and VEGFR-2 or NRP-1.
This peptide is a new potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and a targeting ligand for cancer therapy. This review describes the discovery, function and mechanism of the action of A7R, and further introduces the applications of A7R in antitumor angiogenic treatments, tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, strategies to deliver different drugs by A7R-modified liposomes and nanoparticles are highlighted.
A7R, a new dual targeting ligand of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1, is expected to have efficient therapeutic or targeting roles in tumor drug delivery.
Nrp1 is Activated by Konjac Ceramide Binding-Induced Structural Rigidification of the a1a2 Domain.
Konjac ceramide (kCer) is a plant-type ceramide composed of various long-chain bases and a-hydroxyl fatty acids. The presence of d4t,8t-sphingadienine is essential for semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-like activity. Herein, we examined the three neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) domains (a1a2, b1b2, or c), and found that a1a2 binds to d4t,8t-kCer and possesses Sema3A-like activity. kCer binds to Nrp1 with a weak affinity of mM dissociation constant (Kd). We wondered whether bovine serum albumin could influence the ligand-receptor interaction that a1a2 has with a single high affinity binding site for kCer (Kd in nM range). In the present study we demonstrated the influence of bovine serum albumin.
Thermal denaturation indicates that the a1a2 domain may include intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-like flexibility. A potential interaction site on the a1 module was explored by molecular docking, which revealed a possible Nrp1 activation mechanism, in which kCer binds to Site A close to the Sema3A-binding region of the a1a2 domain. The a1 module then accesses a2 as the IDR-like flexibility becomes ordered via kCer-induced protein rigidity of a1a2.
This induces intramolecular interaction between a1 and a2 through a slight change in protein secondary structure.
Towards identification of novel putative biomarkers for infective endocarditis by serum proteomic analysis.
Infective endocarditis (IE) has high mortality, partly due to delayed diagnosis. No biomarker can identify IE in patients with fever and clinical picture of infection.
To find putative biomarkers we analyzed serum levels of two proteins found in cardiac valves, fibulin-1 (n = 696) and osteoprotegerin (n = 689) among patients on clinical suspicion of IE. Proteomic analyses were performed in 24 patients with bacteremia, 12 patients with definite IE and 12 p.
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| AP86157 | SAB | 1mg | 2640 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| AP86273 | SAB | 1mg | 2640 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| AP86376 | SAB | 1mg | 2640 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| E8ET1609-69 | EnoGene | 100ul | 275 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| MBS8565481-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 345 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| MBS8565481-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| MBS8565481-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| MBS8565481-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 |
|||
| MBS8565481-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin 1 |
|||
| MBS603688-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 940 EUR |
Neuropilin 1 |
|||
| MBS603688-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | 4080 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| 70R-7286 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | 467 EUR |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Neuropilin antibody raised against the N terminal of NETO2 |
|||
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| 70R-7424 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | 467 EUR |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Neuropilin antibody raised against the N terminal of NETO2 |
|||
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| 10R-10590 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 344 EUR |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Neuropilin antibody |
|||
Neuropilin Antibody |
|||
| C30279-100ul | Assay Biotech | 100μl | 217 EUR |
|
Description: Neuropilin Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
|||
Neuropilin Antibody |
|||
| C30279-50ul | Assay Biotech | 50μl | 143.5 EUR |
|
Description: Neuropilin Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
|||
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS5300158-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 750 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS5300158-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3215 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS838577-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 530 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS838577-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 2240 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS838862-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 750 EUR |
Neuropilin antibody |
|||
| MBS838862-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3215 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| 3856-100 | Biovision | each | 379.2 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| 3856-30T | Biovision | each | 175.2 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| 48906-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| 48906-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| C30291-100ul | Assay Biotech | 100μl | 217 EUR |
|
Description: Neuropilin-2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
|||
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| C30291-50ul | Assay Biotech | 50μl | 143.5 EUR |
|
Description: Neuropilin-2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
|||
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| E19-7604-1 | EnoGene | 50ug/50ul | 145 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| E19-7604-2 | EnoGene | 100ug/100ul | 225 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| E8M0911-6 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| E90493 | EnoGene | 100μg | 255 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| E80902-6 | EnoGene | 100μl | 225 EUR |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS9608206-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 260 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS9608206-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 305 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS9608206-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 1220 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| MBS850768-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 305 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| MBS850768-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| MBS850768-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| MBS850768-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
|||
| MBS850768-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 565 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS8517002-005mg | MyBiosource | 0.05mg | 235 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS8517002-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 305 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Antibody |
|||
| MBS8517002-01mLAF405M | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405M) | 465 EUR |