The functions and applications of A7R in anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging and drug delivery systems.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are two prominent antiangiogenic targets. They are highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Therefore, targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 may be a potential antiangiogenic and antitumor strategy. A7R, a peptide with sequence of Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg that was found by phage display of peptide libraries, can preferentially target VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and destroy the binding between vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and VEGFR-2 or NRP-1.
This peptide is a new potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and a targeting ligand for cancer therapy. This review describes the discovery, function and mechanism of the action of A7R, and further introduces the applications of A7R in antitumor angiogenic treatments, tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, strategies to deliver different drugs by A7R-modified liposomes and nanoparticles are highlighted.
A7R, a new dual targeting ligand of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1, is expected to have efficient therapeutic or targeting roles in tumor drug delivery.
Nrp1 is Activated by Konjac Ceramide Binding-Induced Structural Rigidification of the a1a2 Domain.
Konjac ceramide (kCer) is a plant-type ceramide composed of various long-chain bases and a-hydroxyl fatty acids. The presence of d4t,8t-sphingadienine is essential for semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-like activity. Herein, we examined the three neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) domains (a1a2, b1b2, or c), and found that a1a2 binds to d4t,8t-kCer and possesses Sema3A-like activity. kCer binds to Nrp1 with a weak affinity of mM dissociation constant (Kd). We wondered whether bovine serum albumin could influence the ligand-receptor interaction that a1a2 has with a single high affinity binding site for kCer (Kd in nM range). In the present study we demonstrated the influence of bovine serum albumin.
Thermal denaturation indicates that the a1a2 domain may include intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-like flexibility. A potential interaction site on the a1 module was explored by molecular docking, which revealed a possible Nrp1 activation mechanism, in which kCer binds to Site A close to the Sema3A-binding region of the a1a2 domain. The a1 module then accesses a2 as the IDR-like flexibility becomes ordered via kCer-induced protein rigidity of a1a2.
This induces intramolecular interaction between a1 and a2 through a slight change in protein secondary structure.
Towards identification of novel putative biomarkers for infective endocarditis by serum proteomic analysis.
Infective endocarditis (IE) has high mortality, partly due to delayed diagnosis. No biomarker can identify IE in patients with fever and clinical picture of infection.
To find putative biomarkers we analyzed serum levels of two proteins found in cardiac valves, fibulin-1 (n = 696) and osteoprotegerin (n = 689) among patients on clinical suspicion of IE. Proteomic analyses were performed in 24 patients with bacteremia, 12 patients with definite IE and 12 p.
Neuropilin antibody |
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| 10R-10590 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 418.8 EUR |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal Neuropilin antibody |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP53183-003ml | Abbkine | 0.03ml | 189.6 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP53183-01ml | Abbkine | 0.1ml | 346.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP53183-02ml | Abbkine | 0.2ml | 496.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES4182-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | 334.8 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES4182-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | 248.4 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin 1 antibody |
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| 70R-50646 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | 292.8 EUR |
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Description: Purified Polyclonal Neuropilin 1 antibody |
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Neuropilin 1 Antibody |
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| 48067-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
Neuropilin 1 Antibody |
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| 48067-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
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| 48906-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
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| 48906-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
Neuropilin 1 antibody |
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| 70R-12148 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 483.6 EUR |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal Neuropilin 1 antibody |
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Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| 41826-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 302.4 EUR |
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody |
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| 41826-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 224.4 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
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| 3856-100 | Biovision | 379.2 EUR | |
Neuropilin-1 Antibody |
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| 3856-30T | Biovision | 175.2 EUR | |
Neuropilin Blocking Peptide |
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| 33R-2574 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 216 EUR |
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Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of NETO2 antibody, catalog no. 70R-7424 |
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Neuropilin Blocking Peptide |
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| 33R-3329 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | 216 EUR |
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Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of NETO2 antibody, catalog no. 70R-7286 |
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Neuropilin- 2 Antibody |
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| ABD7604 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | 525.6 EUR |
Anti-Neuropilin antibody |
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| STJ96817 | St John's Laboratory | 200 µl | 236.4 EUR |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Neuropilin. |
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anti-Neuropilin 1 |
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| YF-PA15894 | Abfrontier | 100 ug | 483.6 EUR |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Neuropilin 1 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP52961-003ml | Abbkine | 0.03ml | 189.6 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP52961-01ml | Abbkine | 0.1ml | 346.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP52961-02ml | Abbkine | 0.2ml | 496.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP56885-003ml | Abbkine | 0.03ml | 189.6 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP56885-01ml | Abbkine | 0.1ml | 346.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ABP56885-02ml | Abbkine | 0.2ml | 496.8 EUR |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2 |
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Neuropilin-2 Blocking Peptide |
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| DF7604-BP | Affbiotech | 1mg | 234 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Conjugated Antibody |
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| C48906 | SAB | 100ul | 476.4 EUR |
Neuropilin 1 Conjugated Antibody |
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| C48067 | SAB | 100ul | 476.4 EUR |
Neuropilin Polyclonal Conjugated Antibody |
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| C41826 | SAB | 100ul | 476.4 EUR |
anti- Neuropilin 1 antibody |
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| FNab05680 | FN Test | 100µg | 702 EUR |
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Description: Antibody raised against Neuropilin 1 |
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Neuropilin-1 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES2934-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | 334.8 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-1 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-1 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES2934-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | 248.4 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-1 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES7884-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | 334.8 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-2 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES7884-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | 248.4 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-2 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES3960-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | 334.8 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-2 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES3960-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | 248.4 EUR |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin-2 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| 41638-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 302.4 EUR |
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| 41638-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 224.4 EUR |
Neuropilin-1 Blocking Peptide |
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| 3856BP-50 | Biovision | 183.6 EUR | |
Neuropilin 1 Blocking Peptide |
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| 33R-10963 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | 229.2 EUR |
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Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of Neuropilin 1 antibody, catalog no. 70R-12148 |
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Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx101004 | Abbexa |
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Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody |
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| 20-abx101005 | Abbexa |
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