The functions and applications of A7R in anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging and drug delivery systems.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are two prominent antiangiogenic targets. They are highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Therefore, targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 may be a potential antiangiogenic and antitumor strategy. A7R, a peptide with sequence of Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg that was found by phage display of peptide libraries, can preferentially target VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and destroy the binding between vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and VEGFR-2 or NRP-1.

This peptide is a new potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and a targeting ligand for cancer therapy. This review describes the discovery, function and mechanism of the action of A7R, and further introduces the applications of A7R in antitumor angiogenic treatments, tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, strategies to deliver different drugs by A7R-modified liposomes and nanoparticles are highlighted.

A7R, a new dual targeting ligand of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1, is expected to have efficient therapeutic or targeting roles in tumor drug delivery.

Nrp1 is Activated by Konjac Ceramide Binding-Induced Structural Rigidification of the a1a2 Domain.

Konjac ceramide (kCer) is a plant-type ceramide composed of various long-chain bases and a-hydroxyl fatty acids. The presence of d4t,8t-sphingadienine is essential for semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-like activity. Herein, we examined the three neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) domains (a1a2, b1b2, or c), and found that a1a2 binds to d4t,8t-kCer and possesses Sema3A-like activity. kCer binds to Nrp1 with a weak affinity of mM dissociation constant (Kd). We wondered whether bovine serum albumin could influence the ligand-receptor interaction that a1a2 has with a single high affinity binding site for kCer (Kd in nM range). In the present study we demonstrated the influence of bovine serum albumin.

Thermal denaturation indicates that the a1a2 domain may include intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-like flexibility. A potential interaction site on the a1 module was explored by molecular docking, which revealed a possible Nrp1 activation mechanism, in which kCer binds to Site A close to the Sema3A-binding region of the a1a2 domain. The a1 module then accesses a2 as the IDR-like flexibility becomes ordered via kCer-induced protein rigidity of a1a2.

This induces intramolecular interaction between a1 and a2 through a slight change in protein secondary structure.

Towards identification of novel putative biomarkers for infective endocarditis by serum proteomic analysis.

Infective endocarditis (IE) has high mortality, partly due to delayed diagnosis. No biomarker can identify IE in patients with fever and clinical picture of infection.

To find putative biomarkers we analyzed serum levels of two proteins found in cardiac valves, fibulin-1 (n = 696) and osteoprotegerin (n = 689) among patients on clinical suspicion of IE. Proteomic analyses were performed in 24 patients with bacteremia, 12 patients with definite IE and 12 p.

Neuropilin antibody
70R-7424	Fitzgerald	50 ug	560.4 EUR
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Neuropilin antibody raised against the N terminal of NETO2
Neuropilin 1 antibody
70R-12148	Fitzgerald	100 ug	483.6 EUR
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Neuropilin 1 antibody
Neuropilin 1 antibody
70R-50646	Fitzgerald	100 ul	292.8 EUR
Description: Purified Polyclonal Neuropilin 1 antibody
Neuropilin-1 Antibody
3856-100	Biovision		379.2 EUR
Neuropilin-1 Antibody
3856-30T	Biovision		175.2 EUR
Neuropilin 1 Antibody
48067-100ul	SAB	100ul	399.6 EUR
Neuropilin 1 Antibody
48067-50ul	SAB	50ul	286.8 EUR
Neuropilin-1 Antibody
48906-100ul	SAB	100ul	399.6 EUR
Neuropilin-1 Antibody
48906-50ul	SAB	50ul	286.8 EUR
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
41826-100ul	SAB	100ul	302.4 EUR
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
41826-50ul	SAB	50ul	224.4 EUR
Neuropilin Blocking Peptide
33R-2574	Fitzgerald	100 ug	216 EUR
Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of NETO2 antibody, catalog no. 70R-7424
Neuropilin Blocking Peptide
33R-3329	Fitzgerald	100 ug	216 EUR
Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of NETO2 antibody, catalog no. 70R-7286
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
ABP53183-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	189.6 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
ABP53183-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	346.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
ABP53183-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	496.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin
Neuropilin- 2 Antibody
ABD7604	Lifescience Market	100 ug	525.6 EUR
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
ES4182-100ul	ELK Biotech	100ul	334.8 EUR
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Neuropilin Polyclonal Antibody
ES4182-50ul	ELK Biotech	50ul	248.4 EUR
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Neuropilin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA
Anti-Neuropilin antibody
STJ96817	St John's Laboratory	200 µl	236.4 EUR
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Neuropilin.
anti-Neuropilin 1
YF-PA15894	Abfrontier	100 ug	483.6 EUR
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Neuropilin 1
Neuropilin 1 Antibody
R31713	NSJ Bioreagents	100 ug	419 EUR
Neuropilin-1 Blocking Peptide
3856BP-50	Biovision		183.6 EUR
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
41638-100ul	SAB	100ul	302.4 EUR
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
41638-50ul	SAB	50ul	224.4 EUR
Neuropilin 1 Blocking Peptide
33R-10963	Fitzgerald	50 ug	229.2 EUR
Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of Neuropilin 1 antibody, catalog no. 70R-12148
Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) Antibody
20-abx141040	Abbexa	427.20 EUR 644.40 EUR 260.40 EUR	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul
Neuropilin 2 Blocking Peptide
20-abx162628	Abbexa	326.40 EUR 493.20 EUR	1 mg 5 mg
Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) Antibody
abx146242-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	469.2 EUR
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody
abx146308-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	469.2 EUR
Neuropilin-1 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51935-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	189.6 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-1
Neuropilin-1 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51935-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	346.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-1
Neuropilin-1 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP51935-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	496.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-1 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-1
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP56885-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	189.6 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP56885-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	346.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP56885-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	496.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP52961-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	189.6 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP52961-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	346.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin-2 Polyclonal Antibody
ABP52961-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	496.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neuropilin-2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Neuropilin-2 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neuropilin-2
Neuropilin 2 Blocking Peptide
20-abx061738	Abbexa	309.60 EUR 460.80 EUR	1 mg 5 mg
Neuropilin 1 Blocking Peptide
20-abx063521	Abbexa	326.40 EUR 493.20 EUR	1 mg 5 mg
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody
20-abx101004	Abbexa	477.60 EUR 159.60 EUR 1328.40 EUR 644.40 EUR 376.80 EUR	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody
20-abx101005	Abbexa	477.60 EUR 159.60 EUR 1328.40 EUR 644.40 EUR 376.80 EUR	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Antibody
20-abx101006	Abbexa	493.20 EUR 159.60 EUR 1362.00 EUR 661.20 EUR 376.80 EUR	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug