Cone snail analogs of the pituitary hormones oxytocin/vasopressin and their carrier protein neurophysin. Proteomic and transcriptomic identification of conopressins and conophysins.
Transcriptomic analysis of cone snail venom duct tissue has permitted the identification of diverse conopressin/conophysin precursor sequences from seven distinct conus species. Multiple precursor isoforms are present in C.monile, C.lividus and C.loroisii. Aqueous extracts of the venom duct tissue from C.monile yield a band, at ~ 15-20 kDa on SDS-PAGE. In-gel trypsin digestion, followed by mass spectrometry establishes the presence of two distinct conopressin/conophysin isoforms that differ at position 8 in the predicted conopressin nonapeptide sequence. Mass spectrometric analysis of aqueous extracts revealed the presence of four conopressin related peptides, whose sequences could be deduced from MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The four sequences determined in this study are CFIRNCPKG, CFIRNCPEG, CFIRNCPK* and CFIRNCPE* (∗ indicates amide), which were further confirmed by comparison with chemically synthesized peptides. A conophysin with a mass of 9419.7 Da was also detected, corresponding to one of the isoforms revealed by the transcriptome data.
Complete conservation of fourteen Cys residues and the key residues involved in peptide hormone binding is established by comparison of conophysin sequences, with the crystallographically characterized sequence of bovine neurophysin, in complex with vasopressin. A survey of available sequences for oxytocin/vasopressin peptides in both vertebrates and invertebrates establishes the conopressins as a distinct group in this family. C-terminal amidated, truncated conopressin analogs may arise by alternate post-translational processing.
In silico studies on anti-stress compounds of ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus L.
Alternative medicine is available for those diseases which cannot be treated by conventional medicine. Ayurveda and herbal medicines are important alternative methods in which treatment is done with extracts of different medicinal plants. This work is concerned with evaluation of anti-stress bioactive compounds from ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus.Gas chromatography and Mass Spectrum studies are used to identify the compounds present in the ethanolic extract based on the retention time, area. In order to perform docking studies, Vasopressin model is generated using modeling by Modeller 9v7. Vasopressin structure is developed based on the crystal structure of neurophysin-oxytocin from Bos taurus (PDB ID: 1NPO_A) collected from PDB data bank. Using molecular dynamics simulation methods, the final predicted structure is obtained and further analyzed by verify 3D and PROCHECK programs, confirmed the final model is reliable. The identified compounds are docked to Vasopressin for the prediction of anti-stress activity using GOLD 3.0.1 software.The predicted model of Vasopressin structure is stabilized and confirmed that it is a reliable structure for docking studies. The results indicated ARG4, THR7, ASP9, ASP26, ALA32, ALA 80 in Vasopressin are important determinant residues in binding as they have strong hydrogen bonding with the phytocompounds.
Among the 21 phytocompounds identified and docked, molecule Deoxiinositol, pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl) showed best docking results with Vasopressin.The identified compounds were used for anti-stress activity by insilico method with Vasopressin which plays an important role in causing stress and hence selected for inhibitory studies with the phytocompounds. The phytocompounds are inhibiting Vasopressin through hydrogen bodings and are important in protein-ligand interactions. Docking results showed that out of twenty one compounds, Deoxiinositol, pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl) shown best docking energy to the Vasopressin.
Neurophysin I Antibody |
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MBS9508948-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 1590 EUR |
Neurophysin I Antibody |
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R12-2257-100ul | Assay Biotech | 100μl | 217 EUR |
Description: Neurophysin I Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Antibody |
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R12-2257-50ul | Assay Biotech | 50μl | 143.5 EUR |
Description: Neurophysin I Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Rabbit pAb |
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E2370192 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody |
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Neurophysin Antibody, Concentrate |
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MAB530C | Innovex | 0.2ml | 465 EUR |
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (153-166) (Mouse) |
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065-37 | PHOENIX PEPTIDE | 100 μg | 177.12 EUR |
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (130-143) (Mouse) |
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065-38 | PHOENIX PEPTIDE | 100 μg | 177.12 EUR |
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (158-168) (Mouse) |
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065-39 | PHOENIX PEPTIDE | 100 μg | 177.12 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-003ml | Abbkine | 0.03ml | 189.6 EUR |
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-01ml | Abbkine | 0.1ml | 346.8 EUR |
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-02ml | Abbkine | 0.2ml | 496.8 EUR |
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-100uL | Abbkine | 100 μL | 239 EUR |
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-200uL | Abbkine | 200 μL | 379 EUR |
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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ABP55453-30uL | Abbkine | 30 μL | 109 EUR |
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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BT-AP05934-100ul | Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs) | 100ul | Ask for price |
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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BT-AP05934-20ul | Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs) | 20ul | Ask for price |
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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BT-AP05934-50ul | Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs) | 50ul | Ask for price |
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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JOT-AP05934-100ul | Jotbody | 100ul | 220 EUR |
Description: Human;Rat |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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JOT-AP05934-50ul | Jotbody | 50ul | 144 EUR |
Description: Human;Rat |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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E44H02963 | EnoGene | 100ul | 255 EUR |
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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E20-73072 | EnoGene | 100ug | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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MBS8524053-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | 305 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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MBS8524053-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | 465 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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MBS8524053-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | 465 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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MBS8524053-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | 465 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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MBS8524053-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | 465 EUR |
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody |
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UB-GEN-15375 | UpingBio | 100 ul | 200 EUR |
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP) |
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MBS960752-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | 1015 EUR |
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP) |
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MBS960752-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | 585 EUR |
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP) |
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MBS960752-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | 770 EUR |
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP) |
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MBS960752-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | 695 EUR |
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP) |
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MBS960752-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | 900 EUR |
Neurophysin Antibody, Reasy-To-Use |
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MAB530P | Innovex | 5ml | 455 EUR |
Neurophysin I (K40) polyclonal antibody |
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BS3475 | Bioworld Biotech | 50ul | 275 EUR |
Description: Rabbit IgG, 1mg/ml in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.2 |
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Neurophysin I (K40) polyclonal antibody |
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E43S3475 | EnoGene | 100ul | 225 EUR |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
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Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E01A15149 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Description: ELISA |
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Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E08O0346-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E08O0346-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E08O0346-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Cat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS081276-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS035402-10x96StripWells | MyBiosource | 10x96-Strip-Wells | 6725 EUR |
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS035402-48StripWells | MyBiosource | 48-Strip-Wells | 550 EUR |
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS035402-5x96StripWells | MyBiosource | 5x96-Strip-Wells | 3420 EUR |
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS035402-96StripWells | MyBiosource | 96-Strip-Wells | 765 EUR |
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E02O0346-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E02O0346-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E02O0346-48wellsplate | BlueGene | 48 wells plate | 280 EUR |
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E02O0346-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E02O0346-96wellsplate | BlueGene | 96 wells plate | 405 EUR |
Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E07O0346-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E07O0346-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E07O0346-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E01A50052 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Description: ELISA |
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Fish Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS039290-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Cavy Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS045480-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Goat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS044717-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Duck Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit |
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MBS093464-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E06O0346-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | 1524 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E06O0346-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | 624 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E06O0346-48wellsplate | BlueGene | 48 wells plate | 280 EUR |
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E06O0346-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | 822 EUR |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E06O0346-96wellsplate | BlueGene | 96 wells plate | 405 EUR |
Human Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E01A6401 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Description: ELISA |
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Mouse Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit |
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E01A23896 | BlueGene | 96T | 700 EUR |
Description: ELISA |
Role of protein aggregation and degradation in autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus.
This review focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects underlying familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (DI), a rare disorder that is usually transmitted in an autosomal-dominant fashion. The disease, manifesting in infancy or early childhood and gradually progressing in severity, is caused by fully penetrant heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding prepro-vasopressin-neurophysin II, the precursor of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP).
Post mortem studies in affected adults have shown cell degeneration in vasopressinergic hypothalamic nuclei. Studies in cells expressing pathogenic mutants and knock-in rodent models have shown that the mutant precursors are folding incompetent and fail to exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as occurs normally with proteins that have entered the regulated secretory pathway. A portion of these mutants is eliminated via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) by proteasomes after retrotranslocation to the cytosol. Another portion forms large disulfide-linked fibrillar aggregates within the ER, in which wild-type precursor is trapped. Aggregation capacity is independently conferred by two domains of the prohormone, namely the AVP moiety and the C-terminal glycopeptide (copeptin). The same domains are also required for packaging into dense-core secretory granules and regulated secretion, suggesting a disturbed balance between the physiological self-aggregation at the trans-Golgi network and avoiding premature aggregate formation at the ER in the disease.
The critical role of ERAD in maintaining physiological water balance has been underscored by experiments in mice expressing wild-type AVP but lacking critical components of the ERAD machinery. These animals also develop DI and show amyloid-like aggregates in the ER lumen. Thus, the capacity of the ERAD is exceeded in autosomal dominant DI, which can be viewed as a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the formation of amyloid ER aggregates. While DI symptoms develop prior to detectable cell death in transgenic DI mice, the eventual loss of vasopressinergic neurons is accompanied by autophagy, but the mechanism leading to cell degeneration in autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal DI still remains unknown.
A monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic oxytocin peptide stains mouse hypothalamic neurons.
A monoclonal antibody against oxytocin was generated in 7a5 hybridoma cells derived from myeloma cells and lymphocytes from the spleen of mice immunized with a synthetic oxytocin peptide. The 7a5 monoclonal antibody bound with oxytocin in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. 7a5 cell growth medium was diluted up to 5,000 times and used for immunohistochemistry.
First, to test the specificity of the 7a5 antibody against oxytocin, we stained brain tissues of oxytocin knockout mice, mice, in which the first exon of the oxytocin-