Cone snail analogs of the pituitary hormones oxytocin/vasopressin and their carrier protein neurophysin. Proteomic and transcriptomic identification of conopressins and conophysins.

Transcriptomic analysis of cone snail venom duct tissue has permitted the identification of diverse conopressin/conophysin precursor sequences from seven distinct conus species. Multiple precursor isoforms are present in C.monile, C.lividus and C.loroisii. Aqueous extracts of the venom duct tissue from C.monile yield a band, at ~ 15-20 kDa on SDS-PAGE. In-gel trypsin digestion, followed by mass spectrometry establishes the presence of two distinct conopressin/conophysin isoforms that differ at position 8 in the predicted conopressin nonapeptide sequence. Mass spectrometric analysis of aqueous extracts revealed the presence of four conopressin related peptides, whose sequences could be deduced from MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The four sequences determined in this study are CFIRNCPKG, CFIRNCPEG, CFIRNCPK* and CFIRNCPE* (∗ indicates amide), which were further confirmed by comparison with chemically synthesized peptides. A conophysin with a mass of 9419.7 Da was also detected, corresponding to one of the isoforms revealed by the transcriptome data.

Complete conservation of fourteen Cys residues and the key residues involved in peptide hormone binding is established by comparison of conophysin sequences, with the crystallographically characterized sequence of bovine neurophysin, in complex with vasopressin. A survey of available sequences for oxytocin/vasopressin peptides in both vertebrates and invertebrates establishes the conopressins as a distinct group in this family. C-terminal amidated, truncated conopressin analogs may arise by alternate post-translational processing.

In silico studies on anti-stress compounds of ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus L.

Alternative medicine is available for those diseases which cannot be treated by conventional medicine. Ayurveda and herbal medicines are important alternative methods in which treatment is done with extracts of different medicinal plants. This work is concerned with evaluation of anti-stress bioactive compounds from ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus.Gas chromatography and Mass Spectrum studies are used to identify the compounds present in the ethanolic extract based on the retention time, area. In order to perform docking studies, Vasopressin model is generated using modeling by Modeller 9v7. Vasopressin structure is developed based on the crystal structure of neurophysin-oxytocin from Bos taurus (PDB ID: 1NPO_A) collected from PDB data bank. Using molecular dynamics simulation methods, the final predicted structure is obtained and further analyzed by verify 3D and PROCHECK programs, confirmed the final model is reliable. The identified compounds are docked to Vasopressin for the prediction of anti-stress activity using GOLD 3.0.1 software.The predicted model of Vasopressin structure is stabilized and confirmed that it is a reliable structure for docking studies. The results indicated ARG4, THR7, ASP9, ASP26, ALA32, ALA 80 in Vasopressin are important determinant residues in binding as they have strong hydrogen bonding with the phytocompounds.

Among the 21 phytocompounds identified and docked, molecule Deoxiinositol, pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl) showed best docking results with Vasopressin.The identified compounds were used for anti-stress activity by insilico method with Vasopressin which plays an important role in causing stress and hence selected for inhibitory studies with the phytocompounds. The phytocompounds are inhibiting Vasopressin through hydrogen bodings and are important in protein-ligand interactions. Docking results showed that out of twenty one compounds, Deoxiinositol, pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl) shown best docking energy to the Vasopressin.

Neurophysin I Antibody
MBS9508948-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	1590 EUR
Neurophysin I Antibody
R12-2257-100ul	Assay Biotech	100μl	217 EUR
Description: Neurophysin I Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Neurophysin I Antibody
R12-2257-50ul	Assay Biotech	50μl	143.5 EUR
Description: Neurophysin I Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Neurophysin I Rabbit pAb
E2370192	EnoGene	100ul	225 EUR
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody
Neurophysin Antibody, Concentrate
MAB530C	Innovex	0.2ml	465 EUR
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (153-166) (Mouse)
065-37	PHOENIX PEPTIDE	100 μg	177.12 EUR
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (130-143) (Mouse)
065-38	PHOENIX PEPTIDE	100 μg	177.12 EUR
prepro-Vasopressin Neurophysin (158-168) (Mouse)
065-39	PHOENIX PEPTIDE	100 μg	177.12 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-003ml	Abbkine	0.03ml	189.6 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-01ml	Abbkine	0.1ml	346.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-02ml	Abbkine	0.2ml	496.8 EUR
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Neurophysin I from Human, Rat. This Neurophysin I antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Neurophysin I
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-100uL	Abbkine	100 μL	239 EUR
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-200uL	Abbkine	200 μL	379 EUR
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
ABP55453-30uL	Abbkine	30 μL	109 EUR
Description: Rabbit Anti-Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
BT-AP05934-100ul	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	100ul	Ask for price
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions.
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
BT-AP05934-20ul	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	20ul	Ask for price
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions.
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
BT-AP05934-50ul	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50ul	Ask for price
Description: OXT encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions.
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
JOT-AP05934-100ul	Jotbody	100ul	220 EUR
Description: Human;Rat
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
JOT-AP05934-50ul	Jotbody	50ul	144 EUR
Description: Human;Rat
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
E44H02963	EnoGene	100ul	255 EUR
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
E20-73072	EnoGene	100ug	225 EUR
Description: Available in various conjugation types.
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
MBS8524053-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	305 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
MBS8524053-01mLAF405L	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405L)	465 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
MBS8524053-01mLAF405S	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405S)	465 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
MBS8524053-01mLAF610	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF610)	465 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
MBS8524053-01mLAF635	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF635)	465 EUR
Neurophysin I Polyclonal Antibody
UB-GEN-15375	UpingBio	100 ul	200 EUR
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP)
MBS960752-002mgBaculovirus	MyBiosource	0.02mg(Baculovirus)	1015 EUR
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP)
MBS960752-002mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.02mg(E-Coli)	585 EUR
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP)
MBS960752-002mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.02mg(Yeast)	770 EUR
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP)
MBS960752-01mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.1mg(E-Coli)	695 EUR
Recombinant Horse Neurophysin 2 (AVP)
MBS960752-01mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.1mg(Yeast)	900 EUR
Neurophysin Antibody, Reasy-To-Use
MAB530P	Innovex	5ml	455 EUR
Neurophysin I (K40) polyclonal antibody
BS3475	Bioworld Biotech	50ul	275 EUR
Description: Rabbit IgG, 1mg/ml in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.2
Neurophysin I (K40) polyclonal antibody
E43S3475	EnoGene	100ul	225 EUR
Description: Available in various conjugation types.
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E01A15149	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Description: ELISA
Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E08O0346-192T	BlueGene	192 tests	1524 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E08O0346-48	BlueGene	1 plate of 48 wells	624 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Dog Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E08O0346-96	BlueGene	1 plate of 96 wells	822 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Cat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS081276-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS035402-10x96StripWells	MyBiosource	10x96-Strip-Wells	6725 EUR
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS035402-48StripWells	MyBiosource	48-Strip-Wells	550 EUR
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS035402-5x96StripWells	MyBiosource	5x96-Strip-Wells	3420 EUR
Rat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS035402-96StripWells	MyBiosource	96-Strip-Wells	765 EUR
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E02O0346-192T	BlueGene	192 tests	1524 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E02O0346-48	BlueGene	1 plate of 48 wells	624 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E02O0346-48wellsplate	BlueGene	48 wells plate	280 EUR
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E02O0346-96	BlueGene	1 plate of 96 wells	822 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E02O0346-96wellsplate	BlueGene	96 wells plate	405 EUR
Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E07O0346-192T	BlueGene	192 tests	1524 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E07O0346-48	BlueGene	1 plate of 48 wells	624 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Pig Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E07O0346-96	BlueGene	1 plate of 96 wells	822 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E01A50052	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Description: ELISA
Fish Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS039290-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price
Cavy Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS045480-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price
Goat Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS044717-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price
Duck Oxytocin Neurophysin 1 ELISA Kit
MBS093464-INQUIRE	MyBiosource	INQUIRE	Ask for price
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E06O0346-192T	BlueGene	192 tests	1524 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E06O0346-48	BlueGene	1 plate of 48 wells	624 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E06O0346-48wellsplate	BlueGene	48 wells plate	280 EUR
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E06O0346-96	BlueGene	1 plate of 96 wells	822 EUR
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Goat Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E06O0346-96wellsplate	BlueGene	96 wells plate	405 EUR
Human Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E01A6401	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Description: ELISA
Mouse Oxytocin neurophysin 1 ELISA kit
E01A23896	BlueGene	96T	700 EUR
Description: ELISA

Role of protein aggregation and degradation in autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus.

This review focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects underlying familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (DI), a rare disorder that is usually transmitted in an autosomal-dominant fashion. The disease, manifesting in infancy or early childhood and gradually progressing in severity, is caused by fully penetrant heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding prepro-vasopressin-neurophysin II, the precursor of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP).

Post mortem studies in affected adults have shown cell degeneration in vasopressinergic hypothalamic nuclei. Studies in cells expressing pathogenic mutants and knock-in rodent models have shown that the mutant precursors are folding incompetent and fail to exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as occurs normally with proteins that have entered the regulated secretory pathway. A portion of these mutants is eliminated via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) by proteasomes after retrotranslocation to the cytosol. Another portion forms large disulfide-linked fibrillar aggregates within the ER, in which wild-type precursor is trapped. Aggregation capacity is independently conferred by two domains of the prohormone, namely the AVP moiety and the C-terminal glycopeptide (copeptin). The same domains are also required for packaging into dense-core secretory granules and regulated secretion, suggesting a disturbed balance between the physiological self-aggregation at the trans-Golgi network and avoiding premature aggregate formation at the ER in the disease.

The critical role of ERAD in maintaining physiological water balance has been underscored by experiments in mice expressing wild-type AVP but lacking critical components of the ERAD machinery. These animals also develop DI and show amyloid-like aggregates in the ER lumen. Thus, the capacity of the ERAD is exceeded in autosomal dominant DI, which can be viewed as a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the formation of amyloid ER aggregates. While DI symptoms develop prior to detectable cell death in transgenic DI mice, the eventual loss of vasopressinergic neurons is accompanied by autophagy, but the mechanism leading to cell degeneration in autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal DI still remains unknown.

A monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic oxytocin peptide stains mouse hypothalamic neurons.

A monoclonal antibody against oxytocin was generated in 7a5 hybridoma cells derived from myeloma cells and lymphocytes from the spleen of mice immunized with a synthetic oxytocin peptide. The 7a5 monoclonal antibody bound with oxytocin in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. 7a5 cell growth medium was diluted up to 5,000 times and used for immunohistochemistry.

First, to test the specificity of the 7a5 antibody against oxytocin, we stained brain tissues of oxytocin knockout mice, mice, in which the first exon of the oxytocin-