Neuromedin U (NMU) regulates osteoblast differentiation and activity.
Osteoporosis is a disease of low bone mass that places individuals at enhanced risk for fracture, disability, and death. Osteoporosis rates are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades yet there are limited pharmacological treatment options, particularly for long-term management of this chronic condition.
The drug development pipeline is relatively bereft of new strategies, causing an urgent and unmet need for developing new strategies and targets for treating osteoporosis. Here, we examine a lesser-studied bone remodeling pathway, Neuromedin U (NMU), which is expressed in the bone microenvironment along with its cognate receptors NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) and 2 (NMUR2). We independently corroborate a prior report that global loss of NMU expression leads to high bone mass and test the hypothesis that NMU negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Consistent with this, in vitro studies reveal NMU represses osteoblastic differentiation of osteogenic precursors but, in contrast, promotes osteoblastic marker expression, proliferation and activity of osteoblast-like cells. Phospho-profiling arrays were used to detail differential signaling outcomes that may underlie the opposite responses of these cell types.
Collectively, our findings indicate that NMU exerts cell-type-specific responses to regulate osteoblast differentiation and activity.
CAPA neuropeptides and their receptor form an anti-diuretic hormone signaling system in the human disease vector, Aedes aegypti.
Insect CAPA neuropeptides are homologs of mammalian neuromedin U and are known to influence ion and water balance by regulating the activity of the Malpighian ‘renal’ tubules (MTs). Several diuretic hormones are known to increase primary fluid and ion secretion by insect MTs and, in adult female mosquitoes, a calcitonin-related peptide (DH31) called mosquito natriuretic peptide, increases sodium secretion to compensate for the excess salt load acquired during blood-feeding. An endogenous mosquito anti-diuretic hormone was recently described, having potent inhibitory activity against select diuretic hormones, including DH31.
Herein, we functionally deorphanized, both in vitro and in vivo, a mosquito anti-diuretic hormone receptor (AedaeADHr) with expression analysis indicating highest enrichment in the MTs where it is localized within principal cells. Characterization using a heterologous in vitro system demonstrated the receptor was highly sensitive to mosquito CAPA neuropeptides while in vivo, AedaeADHr knockdown abolished CAPA-induced anti-diuretic control of DH31-stimulated MTs.
CAPA neuropeptides are produced within a pair of neurosecretory cells in each of the abdominal ganglia, whose axonal projections innervate the abdominal neurohaemal organs, where these neurohormones are released into circulation. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and protein kinase G (PKG) signaling eliminated anti-diuretic activity of CAPA, highlighting the role of the second messenger cGMP and NOS/PKG in this anti-diuretic signaling pathway.
What is the prognostic value of neuromedin U in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma?
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide belonging to the neuromedin family. Recently, significant associations between NMU and several cancers have been reported. However, no studies have examined the association between NMU and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of NMU in HCC.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of NMU protein in the sera of patients with hepatic hemangioma and HCC. NMU and cytokine mRNA expression was assessed in HCC samples via RT-qPCR.
Neuromedin |
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| MBS826691-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | 205 EUR |
Neuromedin |
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| MBS826691-5x10mg | MyBiosource | 5x10mg | 1110 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) |
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| MBS6010079-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2(mL | 695 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) |
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| MBS6010079-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 2975 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (AP) |
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| MBS6325807-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 980 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (AP) |
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| MBS6325807-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 4250 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (PE) |
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| MBS6325817-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 980 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (PE) |
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| MBS6325817-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 4250 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (APC) |
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| MBS6325808-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 980 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (APC) |
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| MBS6325808-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 4250 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (AP) |
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| MBS6387183-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (AP) |
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| MBS6387183-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (PE) |
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| MBS6387193-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (PE) |
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| MBS6387193-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (FITC) |
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| MBS6325810-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 980 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (FITC) |
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| MBS6325810-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 4250 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) APC |
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| MBS6387184-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) APC |
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| MBS6387184-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (HRP) |
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| MBS6387187-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (HRP) |
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| MBS6387187-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (FITC) |
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| MBS6387186-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (FITC) |
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| MBS6387186-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (Biotin) |
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| MBS6325809-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | 980 EUR |
NMB, ID (NMB, Neuromedin-B, Neuromedin-B-32) (Biotin) |
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| MBS6325809-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | 4250 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (Biotin) |
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| MBS6387185-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | 920 EUR |
NMU (Neuromedin U, Neuromedin-U-25, NmU-25) (Biotin) |
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| MBS6387185-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | 3990 EUR |
Neuromedin N |
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| 5-01602 | CHI Scientific | 4 x 5mg | 139.23 EUR |
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Description: Lys-Ile-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu |
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Neuromedin B |
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| 4020211.0001 | Bachem | 1 mg | 75.29 EUR |
Neuromedin B |
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| 4020211.0005 | Bachem | 5 mg | 299.99 EUR |
Neuromedin B |
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| 4020211.0025 | Bachem | 25 mg | 1198.79 EUR |
Neuromedin N |
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| HY-P0079 | MedChemExpress | 10mM/1mL | 303.6 EUR |
Neuromedin B |
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| HY-P0241 | MedChemExpress | 10mg | 870 EUR |
Neuromedin B |
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| H-3280.0001 | Bachem | 1.0mg | 151.2 EUR |
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Description: Sum Formula: C52H73N15O12S; CAS# [87096-84-2] net |
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Neuromedin B |
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| H-3280.0005 | Bachem | 5.0mg | 501.6 EUR |
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Description: Sum Formula: C52H73N15O12S; CAS# [87096-84-2] net |
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Neuromedin B |
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| H-3280.0025 | Bachem | 25.0mg | 1893.6 EUR |
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Description: Sum Formula: C52H73N15O12S; CAS# [87096-84-2] net |
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Neuromedin N |
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| H-4150.0005 | Bachem | 5.0mg | 181.2 EUR |
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Description: Sum Formula: C38H63N7O8; CAS# [92169-45-4] net |
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Neuromedin N |
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| H-4150.0025 | Bachem | 25.0mg | 618 EUR |
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Description: Sum Formula: C38H63N7O8; CAS# [92169-45-4] net |
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Neuromedin C |
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| GWB-38F200 | GenWay Biotech | 1 mg | Ask for price |
Neuromedin N |
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| GWB-B64CEA | GenWay Biotech | 1 mg | Ask for price |
Neuromedin B |
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| GWB-EA84E4 | GenWay Biotech | 1 mg | Ask for price |
Neuromedin N |
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| MBS5763397-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | 195 EUR |
Neuromedin N |
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| MBS5763397-25mg | MyBiosource | 25mg | 310 EUR |
Neuromedin N |
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| MBS5763397-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | 170 EUR |
Neuromedin N |
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| MBS5763397-5x25mg | MyBiosource | 5x25mg | 1255 EUR |